(This is a very old sim but Cisco has just included it to their exam)
Question
A network associate is adding security to the configuration of the Corp1 router. The user on host C should be able to use a web browser to access financial information from the Finance Web Server. No other hosts from the LAN nor the Core should be able to use a web browser to access this server. Since there are multiple resources for the corporation at this location including other resources on the Finance Web Server, all other traffic should be allowed.
The task is to create and apply an access-list with no more than three statements that will allow ONLY host C web access to the Finance Web Server. No other hosts will have web access to the Finance Web Server. All other traffic is permitted.
Access to the router CLI can be gained by clicking on the appropriate host.
All passwords have been temporarily set to "cisco".
The Core connection uses an IP address of 198.18.196.65
The computers in the Hosts LAN have been assigned addresses of 192.168.33.1 - 192.168.33.254
Host A 192.168.33.1
Host B 192.168.33.2
Host C 192.168.33.3
Host D 192.168.33.4
The servers in the Server LAN have been assigned addresses of 172.22.242.17 - 172.22.242.30
The Finance Web Server is assigned an IP address of 172.22.242.23.
Answer and Explanation
Corp1>enable (you may enter "cisco" as it passwords here)
We should create an access-list and apply it to the interface which is connected to the Server LAN because it can filter out traffic from both Sw-2 and Core networks. The Server LAN network has been assigned addresses of 172.22.242.17 - 172.22.242.30 so we can guess the interface connected to them has an IP address of 172.22.242.30 (.30 is the number shown in the figure). Use the "show running-config" command to check which interface has the IP address of 172.22.242.30.
Corp1#show running-config
We learn that interface FastEthernet0/1 is the interface connected to Server LAN network. It is the interface we will apply our access-list (for outbound direction).
Corp1#configure terminal
Our access-list needs to allow host C - 192.168.33.3 to the Finance Web Server 172.22.242.23 via web (port 80)
Corp1(config)#access-list 100 permit tcp host 192.168.33.3 host 172.22.242.23 eq 80
Deny other hosts access to the Finance Web Server via web
Corp1(config)#access-list 100 deny tcp any host 172.22.242.23 eq 80
All other traffic is permitted
Corp1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip any any
Apply this access-list to Fa0/1 interface (outbound direction)
Corp1(config)#interface fa0/1
Corp1(config-if)#ip access-group 100 out
Notice: We have to apply the access-list to Fa0/1 interface (not Fa0/0 interface) so that the access-list can filter traffic coming from the Core network.
In the real exam, just click on host C and open its web browser. In the address box type http://172.22.242.23 to check if you are allowed to access Finance Web Server or not. If your configuration is correct then you can access it.
Click on other hosts (A, B and D) and check to make sure you can't access Finance Web Server from these hosts.
Finally, save the configuration
Corp1(config-if)#end
Corp1#copy running-config startup-config
(This configuration only prevents hosts from accessing Finance Web Server via web but if this server supports other traffic - like FTP, SMTP... then other hosts can access it, too.)
Notice: In the real exam, you might be asked to allow other host (A, B or D) to access the Finance Web Server so please read the requirement carefully.
I created this sim in Packet Tracer v5.2.1 so you can practice with it. You will need new version of Packet Tracer to open it (v5.1+).
Download this sim here
Notice: After typing the commands above, if you make a "ping" from other hosts (PC0, PC1, PC3) then PC4 (Finance Web Server) can still reply because we just filter HTTP traffic, not ICMP traffic. To generate HTTP traffic, select "Web Browser" in the "Desktop" tab of these PCs. When a web browser opens, type the IP address of Finance Web Server and you can see how traffic flows in Simulation Mode.
And notice that in the initial configuration of this sim the Core network can ping Finance Web Server. We have to create an access-list that can filter this traffic too.
Lab 2 Guide
An administrator is trying to ping and telnet from Switch to Router with the results shown below:
Switch>
Switch> ping 10.4.4.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.4.4.3,timeout is 2 seconds:
.U.U.U
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Switch>
Switch> telnet 10.4.4.3
Trying 10.4.4.3 ...
% Destination unreachable; gateway or host down
Switch>
Click the console connected to Router and issue the appropriate commands to answer the questions.
Answer and Explanation:
For this question we only need to use the show running-config command to answer all the questions below
Router>enable
Router#show running-config
Question 1:
Which will fix the issue and allow ONLY ping to work while keeping telnet disabled?
A - Correctly assign an IP address to interface fa0/1
B - Change the ip access-group command on fa0/0 from "in" to "out"
C - Remove access-group 106 in from interface fa0/0 and add access-group 115 in.
D - Remove access-group 102 out from interface s0/0/0 and add access-group 114 in
E - Remove access-group 106 in from interface fa0/0 and add access-group 104 in
Answer: E
The question does not ask about ftp traffic so we don't care about the two first lines. The 3rd line denies all telnet traffic and the 4th line allows icmp traffic to be sent (ping). Remember that the access list 104 is applied on the inbound direction so the 5th line "access-list 104 deny icmp any any echo-reply" will not affect our icmp traffic because the "echo-reply" message will be sent over the outbound direction.
A - Attempts to telnet to the router would fail
B - It would allow all traffic from the 10.4.4.0 network
C - IP traffic would be passed through the interface but TCP and UDP traffic would not
D - Routing protocol updates for the 10.4.4.0 network would not be accepted from the fa0/0 interface
Answer: B
A - No host could connect to Router through s0/0/1
B - Telnet and ping would work but routing updates would fail.
C - FTP, FTP-DATA, echo, and www would work but telnet would fail
D - Only traffic from the 10.4.4.0 network would pass through the interface
Answer: A
Lab 3 Guide
CCNA Access List Sim
(Updated from real CCNA exam on Jan-09-2010)
Question:
An administrator is trying to ping and telnet from Switch to Router with the results shown below:
Switch>
Switch> ping 10.4.4.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.4.4.3,timeout is 2 seconds:
.U.U.U
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Switch>
Switch> telnet 10.4.4.3
Trying 10.4.4.3 ...
% Destination unreachable; gateway or host down
Switch>
Click the console connected to Router and issue the appropriate commands to answer the questions.
Answer and Explanation:
Router>enable
Router#show running-config
Which will fix the issue and allow ONLY ping to work while keeping telnet disabled?
A - Correctly assign an IP address to interface fa0/1
B - Change the ip access-group command on fa0/0 from "in" to "out"
C - Remove access-group 106 in from interface fa0/0 and add access-group 115 in.
D - Remove access-group 102 out from interface s0/0/0 and add access-group 114 in
E - Remove access-group 106 in from interface fa0/0 and add access-group 104 in
Answer: E
Explanation:
Let's have a look at the access list 104:Question 2:
What would be the effect of issuing the command ip access-group 114 in to the fa0/0 interface? A - Attempts to telnet to the router would fail
B - It would allow all traffic from the 10.4.4.0 network
C - IP traffic would be passed through the interface but TCP and UDP traffic would not
D - Routing protocol updates for the 10.4.4.0 network would not be accepted from the fa0/0 interface
Answer: B
Explanation:
From the output of access-list 114: access-list 114 permit ip 10.4.4.0 0.0.0.255 any we can easily understand that this access list allows all traffic (ip) from 10.4.4.0/24 networkQuestion 3:
What would be the effect of issuing the command access-group 115 in on the s0/0/1 interface?A - No host could connect to Router through s0/0/1
B - Telnet and ping would work but routing updates would fail.
C - FTP, FTP-DATA, echo, and www would work but telnet would fail
D - Only traffic from the 10.4.4.0 network would pass through the interface
Answer: A
Explanation:
First let's see what was configured on interface S0/0/1: Recall that each interface only accepts one access-list, so when using the command “ip access-group 115 in” on the s0/0/1 interface it will overwrite the initial access-list 102. Therefore any telnet connection will be accepted (so we can eliminate answer C).
B is not correct because if telnet and ping can work then routing updates can, too.
D is not correct because access-list 115 does not mention about 10.4.4.0 network. So the most reasonable answer is A.
B is not correct because if telnet and ping can work then routing updates can, too.
D is not correct because access-list 115 does not mention about 10.4.4.0 network. So the most reasonable answer is A.
But here raise a question…
The wildcard mask of access-list 115, which is 255.255.255.0, means that only host with ip addresses in the form of x.x.x.0 will be accepted. But we all know that x.x.x.0 is likely to be a network address so the answer A: “no host could connect to Router through s0/0/1” seems right…
But what will happen if we don’t use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0? For example we can use an ip address of 10.45.45.0 255.255.0.0, such a host with that ip address exists and we can connect to the router through that host. Now answer A seems incorrect!
Lab 3 Guide
CCNA Implementation SIM
(Updated from real CCNA exam on Jan-09-2010)
This topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch. Complete the topology.
Drag the appropriate device icons to the labeled Device
Drag the appropriate connections to the locations labeled Connections.
Drag the appropriate IP addresses to the locations labeled IP address
(Hint: use the given host addresses and Main router information)
To remove a device or connection, drag it away from the topology.
Use information gathered from the Main router to complete the configuration of any additional routers. No passwords are required to access the Main router. The config terminal command has been disabled for the HQ router. The router does not require any configuration.
Configure each additional router with the following:
Configure the interfaces with the correct IP address and enable the interfaces.
Set the password to allow console access to consolepw
Set the password to allow telnet access to telnetpw
Set the password to allow privilege mode access to privpw
Note: Because routes are not being added to the configurations, you will not be able to ping through the internetwork.
All devices have cable autosensing capabilities disabled.
All hosts are PC’s
Specify appropriate devices and drag them on the "Device" boxes
For the device at the bottom-right box, we notice that it has 2 interfaces Fa0/2 and Fa0/4; moreover the link connects the PC on the right with the device on the bottom-right is a straight-through link -> it is a switch
The question stated that this topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch -> two other devices are routers
Place them on appropriate locations as following:
+ The router on the right is connected with the Main router through Serial interfaces: use a serial cable
+ The router on the right and the Switch: use a straight-through cable+ The router on the left and the computer: use a crossover cable
(To remember which type of cable you should use, follow these tips:
- To connect two serial interfaces of 2 routers we use serial cable
- To specify when we use crossover cable or straight-through cable, we should remember:Group 1: Router, Host, ServerGroup 2: Hub, Switch
One device in group 1 + One device in group 2: use straight-through cable
Two devices in the same group: use crossover cable
For example: we use straight-through cable to connect switch to router, switch to host, hub to host, hub to server... and we use crossover cable to connect switch to switch, switch to hub, router to router, host to host... )
Assign appropriate IP addresses for interfaces:
From Main router, use show running-config command:
(Notice that you may see different IP addresses in the real CCNA exam, the ones shown above are just used for demonstration)
From the output we learned that the ip address of Fa0/0 interface of the Main router is 192.168.152.177/28. This address belongs to a subnetwork which has:
Increment: 16 (/28 = 255.255.255.240 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 0000)Network address: 192.168.152.176 (because 176 = 16 * 11 and 176 < 177)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.191 (because 191 = 176 + 16 - 1)
And we can pick up an ip address from the list that belongs to this subnetwork: 192.168.152.190 and assign it to the Fa0/0 interface the router on the left
Use the same method for interface Serial0/0 with an ip address of 192.168.152.161
Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.160 (because 160 = 16 * 10 and 160 < 161)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.175 (because 176 = 160 + 16 - 1)
-> and we choose 192.168.152.174 for Serial0/0 interface of the router on the right
Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.128 (because 128 = 16 * 8 and 128 < 129)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.143 (because 143 = 128 + 16 - 1)
-> we choose 192.168.152.142 from the list
Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.224 (because 224 = 16 * 14 and 224 < 225)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.239 (because 239 = 224 + 16 - 1)
-> we choose 192.168.152.238 from the list Let's have a look at the picture below to summarize
Configure two routers on the left and right with these commands:
Router1 = router on the left
Assign appropriate IP addresses to Fa0/0 & Fa0/1 interfaces:
Router1>enable
Router1#configure terminal
Router1(config)#interface fa0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.190 255.255.255.240
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown
Router1(config-if)#interface fa0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.142 255.255.255.240
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown
Set passwords (configure on two routers)
+ Console password:
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#line console 0
Router1(config-line)#password consolepw
Router1(config-line)#login
Router1(config-line)#exit
+ Telnet password:
Router1(config)#line vty 0 4
Router1(config-line)#password telnetpw
Router1(config-line)#login
Router1(config-line)#exit
+ Privilege mode password:
Router1(config)#enable password privpw
Router1#copy running-config startup-config
Configure IP addresses of Router2 (router on the right)
Router2>enable
Router2#configure terminal
Router2(config)#interface fa0/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.238 255.255.255.240
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
Router2(config-if)#interface serial0/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.174 255.255.255.240
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
This topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch. Complete the topology.
Drag the appropriate device icons to the labeled Device
Drag the appropriate connections to the locations labeled Connections.
Drag the appropriate IP addresses to the locations labeled IP address
(Hint: use the given host addresses and Main router information)
To remove a device or connection, drag it away from the topology.
Use information gathered from the Main router to complete the configuration of any additional routers. No passwords are required to access the Main router. The config terminal command has been disabled for the HQ router. The router does not require any configuration.
Configure each additional router with the following:
Configure the interfaces with the correct IP address and enable the interfaces.
Set the password to allow console access to consolepw
Set the password to allow telnet access to telnetpw
Set the password to allow privilege mode access to privpw
Note: Because routes are not being added to the configurations, you will not be able to ping through the internetwork.
All devices have cable autosensing capabilities disabled.
All hosts are PC’s
Answer and explanation:
For the device at the bottom-right box, we notice that it has 2 interfaces Fa0/2 and Fa0/4; moreover the link connects the PC on the right with the device on the bottom-right is a straight-through link -> it is a switch
The question stated that this topology contains 3 routers and 1 switch -> two other devices are routers
Place them on appropriate locations as following:
(Host D and host E will be automatically added after placing two routers. Click on them to access neighboring routers)
Specify appropriate connections between these devices:
+ The router on the left is connected with the Main router through FastEthernet interfaces: use a crossover cable+ The router on the right is connected with the Main router through Serial interfaces: use a serial cable
+ The router on the right and the Switch: use a straight-through cable+ The router on the left and the computer: use a crossover cable
(To remember which type of cable you should use, follow these tips:
- To connect two serial interfaces of 2 routers we use serial cable
- To specify when we use crossover cable or straight-through cable, we should remember:Group 1: Router, Host, ServerGroup 2: Hub, Switch
One device in group 1 + One device in group 2: use straight-through cable
Two devices in the same group: use crossover cable
For example: we use straight-through cable to connect switch to router, switch to host, hub to host, hub to server... and we use crossover cable to connect switch to switch, switch to hub, router to router, host to host... )
From Main router, use show running-config command:
From the output we learned that the ip address of Fa0/0 interface of the Main router is 192.168.152.177/28. This address belongs to a subnetwork which has:
Increment: 16 (/28 = 255.255.255.240 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 0000)Network address: 192.168.152.176 (because 176 = 16 * 11 and 176 < 177)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.191 (because 191 = 176 + 16 - 1)
And we can pick up an ip address from the list that belongs to this subnetwork: 192.168.152.190 and assign it to the Fa0/0 interface the router on the left
Use the same method for interface Serial0/0 with an ip address of 192.168.152.161
Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.160 (because 160 = 16 * 10 and 160 < 161)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.175 (because 176 = 160 + 16 - 1)
-> and we choose 192.168.152.174 for Serial0/0 interface of the router on the right
Interface Fa0/1 of the router on the left
IP (of the computer on the left) : 192.168.152.129/28Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.128 (because 128 = 16 * 8 and 128 < 129)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.143 (because 143 = 128 + 16 - 1)
-> we choose 192.168.152.142 from the list
Interface Fa0/0 of the router on the right
IP (of the computer on the left) : 192.168.152.225/28Increment: 16Network address: 192.168.152.224 (because 224 = 16 * 14 and 224 < 225)Broadcast address: 192.168.152.239 (because 239 = 224 + 16 - 1)
-> we choose 192.168.152.238 from the list Let's have a look at the picture below to summarize
Router1 = router on the left
Assign appropriate IP addresses to Fa0/0 & Fa0/1 interfaces:
Router1>enable
Router1#configure terminal
Router1(config)#interface fa0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.190 255.255.255.240
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown
Router1(config-if)#interface fa0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.142 255.255.255.240
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown
Set passwords (configure on two routers)
+ Console password:
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#line console 0
Router1(config-line)#password consolepw
Router1(config-line)#login
Router1(config-line)#exit
+ Telnet password:
Router1(config)#line vty 0 4
Router1(config-line)#password telnetpw
Router1(config-line)#login
Router1(config-line)#exit
+ Privilege mode password:
Router1(config)#enable password privpw
Save the configuration:
Router1(config)#exitRouter1#copy running-config startup-config
Configure IP addresses of Router2 (router on the right)
Router2>enable
Router2#configure terminal
Router2(config)#interface fa0/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.238 255.255.255.240
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
Router2(config-if)#interface serial0/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.152.174 255.255.255.240
Router2(config-if)#no shutdown
Lab 4 Guide
(Updated from real CCNA exam on Jan-03-2010)
Question:
You have been hired by Specialty Hardware Incorporated to document the layout of the network. Complete the following tasks: Complete the network topology shown in the graphic by dragging the labels below with the appropriate router types, interface types, and IP addresses to the graphic . Find the information you need by using the router console attached to the R-CENTER router. 
Answer and explanation:
+ Local Interface: the interface on the device you are using "show cdp neighbors" command. In this case it is the interface of R-CENTER router
+ Platform: the platform of neighbor device
+ Port ID: the neighbor device's port or interface on which the CDP packets are multicast
From the exhibit, the "Local Interface", "Platform" and "Port ID" columns, we can identify where these four routers should be placed and their corresponding associated ports
Lab 5 Guide
Updated from real CCNA Exam on May-20-2010)
Question:
After adding R3 router, no routing updates are being exchanged between R3 and the new location. All other inter connectivity and Internet access for the existing locations of the company are working properly.The task is to identify the fault(s) and correct the router configuration to provide full connectivity between the routers.
Access to the router CLI can be gained by clicking on the appropriate host. All passwords on all routers are cisco.
IP addresses are listed in the chart below.
| R1 Fa0/0: 192.168.77.33 S1/0: 198.0.18.6S0/1: 192.168.60.25 | R2 Fa0/0: 192.168.60.97 Fa0/1: 192.168.60.113S0/0: 192.168.36.14 |
| R3 Fa0/0: 192.168.77.34Fa0/1: 192.168.60.65Fa1/0: 192.168.60.81 | R4 Fa0/0: 192.168.60.129Fa0/1: 192.168.60.145 S0/1: 192.168.60.26 |
Answer and explanation:
(You should check the AS numbers on other routers for sure)
To solve this problem, we simply re-configure router R3 with the following commands:
R3>enable (you have to enter cisco as its password here)R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#no router eigrp 22
R3(config)#router eigrp 212
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.77.0R3(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config-router)#endR3#copy running-config startup-config
Check R1 router with the show running-config command:
R1>enable (you have to enter cisco as its password here)R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#router eigrp 212
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.77.0R1(config-router)#endR1#copy running-config startup-config
Now the whole network will work well. You should check again with ping command from router R3 to other routers!
Lab 6 Guide
(Updated from real CCNA exam on July-11-2010)
To answer the multiple-choice questions, click on the numbered boxes in the right panel.
There are five multiple-choice questions with this task. Be sure to answer all five questions before leaving this item.
Notice: All the images in this VTP LAB are used for demonstration only, you will see slightly different images in the real CCNA exam
Question 1:
What interface did Sw-AC3 associate with source MAC address 0010.5a0c.ffba ?
a) Fa0/1
b) Fa0/3
c) Fa0/6
d) Fa0/8
e) Fa0/9
f) Fa0/12
Answer: Fa 0/8
Explanation: to find out which interface associated with a given MAC address, use the show mac-address-table command. It shows the learned MAC addresses and their associated interfaces. After entering this command, you will see a MAC address table like this:
From this table we can figure out that the MAC address 0010.5a0c.ffba is associated with interface Fa0/8
a) Fa0/1
b) Fa0/3
c) Fa0/4
d) Fa0/6
e) Fa0/9
f) Fa0/12
Answer: Fa0/3, Fa0/9 and Fa0/12
Explanation: Use the show interface trunk command to determine the trunking status of a link and VLAN status. This command lists port, its mode, encapsulation and whether it is trunking. The image below shows how it works:
What kind of router is VLAN-R1?
a) 1720
b) 1841
c) 2611
d) 2620
Answer: 2620
Explanation: VLAN-R1 is the router directly connected to Sw-Ac3 switch, so we can use the show cdp neighbors command to see:
1. Neighbor Device ID : The name of the neighbor device;
2. Local Interface : The interface to which this neighbor is heard
3. Capability: Capability of this neighboring device - R for router, S for switch, H for Host etc.4. Platform: Which type of device the neighbor is
5. Port ID: The interface of the remote neighbor you receive CDP information
6. Holdtime: Decremental hold time in seconds
Sample output of show cdp neighbors command:
One thing I want to notice you is "Local Intrfce" in the image above refers to the local interface on the device you are running the "show cdp neighbors" command
Question 4: Which switch is the root bridge for VLAN 1?
Answer: Sw-DS1
Explanation: First we use the show spanning-tree vlan 1 to view the spanning-tree information of VLAN 1
From the "Cost 19", we learn that the root switch is directly connected to the Sw-Ac3 switch over a 100Mbps Ethernet link
Notice that if you see all of the interface roles are Desg (designated) then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 switch is the root bridge for this VLAN (VLAN 1).
If you see there is at least one Root port in the interface roles then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 is not the root bridge because root bridge does not have root port. In this case, we notice that the root port on Sw-Ac3 switch is FastEthernet0/12, so we have to figure out which switch is associated with this port -> it is the root bridge. You can verify it with the show cdp neighbors command:
The "Local Intrfce" column refers to the interface on the switch running "show cdp neighbors" command. In this case, Sw-DS1 is associated with interface FastEthernet0/12 -> Sw-DS1 is the root bridge
Question 5: What address should be configured as the default-gateway for the host connected to interface fa 0/4 of SW-Ac3?
Answer: 192.168.44.254
Explanation:
First we have to identify which VLAN interface Fa0/4 belongs to by the show vlan command
From the exhibit we know that VLAN 44 is configured on router using sub-interface Fa0/0.44 with IP address 192.168.44.254/24
Therefore the default gateway of the host should be 192.168.44.254
Question 6: From which switch did Sw-Ac3 receive VLAN information ?
Answer: Sw-AC2
Explanation: to view the VTP configuration information, use the show vtp status command
So we knew Sw-Ac3 received VLAN information from 163.5.8.3 (notice:the IP address may be different). Finally we use the show cdp neighbors detail to find out who 163.5.8.3 is:
Question 7: Refer to the exibit, SwX was taken out of the production network for maintenance. It will be reconnected to the Fa 0/16 port of Sw-Ac3. What happens to the network when it is reconnected and a trunk exists between the two switches?
A - All VLANs except the default VLAN win be removed from all switches
B - All existing switches will have the students, admin, faculty, Servers, Management, Production, and no-where VLANs
C - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will replace the VLANs on SwX
D - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will be removed from existing switches
Notice that its configuration revision number is 5 and VTP Domain Name is home-office
Next, from the exhibit we know that SwX has a revision number of 6, which is greater than that of Sw-Ac3 switch, and both of them have same VTP Domain Name called "home-office".
Therefore SwX will replace vlan information on other switches with its own information. We should check vlan information of Sw-Ac3 switch with show vlan command
So the correct answer is D - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will be removed from existing switches
Please notice that in the real CCNA exam you may see a different configuration revision of Sw-Ac3 or of SwX. In general, which switch has a higher revision number it will become the updater and other switches will overwrite their current databases with the new information received from the updater (provided that they are on the same domain and that switch is not in transparent mode).In particular, if the revision number of SwX is lower than that of Sw-Ac3, the answer should be "C - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will replace the VLANs on SwX".
Also, some recent comments have said that the new switch's VTP Operating Mode is Server but the answer is still the same.
A - Fa0/8
B - Fa0/3
C - Fa0/1
D - Fa0/12
Answer: B C D
We notice that the source mac-address 0010.5a0c.fd86 is listed in the table and it belongs to Vlan 33 but we can't find the destination mac-address 000a.8a47.e612 in this table. In this case, the switch will flood to all ports of Vlan 33 and flood to all the trunk links, except the port it received this frame (port Fa0/6). Therefore from the output above, we can figure out it will flood this frame to Fa0/1, Fa0/3 and Fa0/12.
Please notice that the "show mac-address-table" command just lists information that was learned by the switch, it means that there can be other ports besides Fa0/1, Fa0/3 and Fa0/12 belong to Vlan 33. You can use the show vlan command to see which ports belong to vlan 33
And we found other ports which belong to vlan 33, they are Fa0/2, Fa0/5 and Fa0/7. Our switch will flood the frame to these ports, too.
And we can check which trunk ports will receive this frame by the show interface trunk command
-> Port Fa0/9 will also receive this frame!
From the output, we notice that its default-gateway is 192.168.1.254. In fact, we can easily guess that its default gateway should be a layer 3 device like a router; and in this case, the VLAN-R1 router. To verify our theory, use the show cdp neighbor detail command and focus on the description of VLAN-R1 router
From this output, we can confirm the switch's default gateway is VLAN-R1 router (with the IP address of 192.168.1.254). And "the interface: FastEthernet0/3" tells us that the switch is connected to VLAN-R1 router through Fa0/3 port (Fa0/3 is the port on the switch).
Finally we just need to use the show mac-address-table command to find out which MAC address is associated with this interface
(Updated from real CCNA exam on July-11-2010)
Question:
This task requires you to use the CLI of Sw-AC3 to answer five multiple-choice questions. This does not require any configuration.To answer the multiple-choice questions, click on the numbered boxes in the right panel.
Notice: All the images in this VTP LAB are used for demonstration only, you will see slightly different images in the real CCNA exam
Question 1:
What interface did Sw-AC3 associate with source MAC address 0010.5a0c.ffba ?
a) Fa0/1
b) Fa0/3
c) Fa0/6
d) Fa0/8
e) Fa0/9
f) Fa0/12
Answer: Fa 0/8
Explanation: to find out which interface associated with a given MAC address, use the show mac-address-table command. It shows the learned MAC addresses and their associated interfaces. After entering this command, you will see a MAC address table like this:
Question 2:
What ports on Sw-AC3 are operating has trunks (choose three)? a) Fa0/1
b) Fa0/3
c) Fa0/4
d) Fa0/6
e) Fa0/9
f) Fa0/12
Answer: Fa0/3, Fa0/9 and Fa0/12
Explanation: Use the show interface trunk command to determine the trunking status of a link and VLAN status. This command lists port, its mode, encapsulation and whether it is trunking. The image below shows how it works:
(This image is used for demonstration only)
Question 3:What kind of router is VLAN-R1?
a) 1720
b) 1841
c) 2611
d) 2620
Answer: 2620
Explanation: VLAN-R1 is the router directly connected to Sw-Ac3 switch, so we can use the show cdp neighbors command to see:
1. Neighbor Device ID : The name of the neighbor device;
2. Local Interface : The interface to which this neighbor is heard
3. Capability: Capability of this neighboring device - R for router, S for switch, H for Host etc.4. Platform: Which type of device the neighbor is
5. Port ID: The interface of the remote neighbor you receive CDP information
6. Holdtime: Decremental hold time in seconds
Sample output of show cdp neighbors command:
Question 4: Which switch is the root bridge for VLAN 1?
Answer: Sw-DS1
Explanation: First we use the show spanning-tree vlan 1 to view the spanning-tree information of VLAN 1
Notice that if you see all of the interface roles are Desg (designated) then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 switch is the root bridge for this VLAN (VLAN 1).
If you see there is at least one Root port in the interface roles then you can confirm Sw-Ac3 is not the root bridge because root bridge does not have root port. In this case, we notice that the root port on Sw-Ac3 switch is FastEthernet0/12, so we have to figure out which switch is associated with this port -> it is the root bridge. You can verify it with the show cdp neighbors command:
Question 5: What address should be configured as the default-gateway for the host connected to interface fa 0/4 of SW-Ac3?
Answer: 192.168.44.254
Explanation:
First we have to identify which VLAN interface Fa0/4 belongs to by the show vlan command
Question 6: From which switch did Sw-Ac3 receive VLAN information ?
Answer: Sw-AC2
Explanation: to view the VTP configuration information, use the show vtp status command
Question 7: Refer to the exibit, SwX was taken out of the production network for maintenance. It will be reconnected to the Fa 0/16 port of Sw-Ac3. What happens to the network when it is reconnected and a trunk exists between the two switches?
B - All existing switches will have the students, admin, faculty, Servers, Management, Production, and no-where VLANs
C - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will replace the VLANs on SwX
D - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will be removed from existing switches
Answer and Explanation:
First we should view the VTP configuration of switch Sw-Ac3 by using the show vtp status command on Sw-Ac3Next, from the exhibit we know that SwX has a revision number of 6, which is greater than that of Sw-Ac3 switch, and both of them have same VTP Domain Name called "home-office".
Please notice that in the real CCNA exam you may see a different configuration revision of Sw-Ac3 or of SwX. In general, which switch has a higher revision number it will become the updater and other switches will overwrite their current databases with the new information received from the updater (provided that they are on the same domain and that switch is not in transparent mode).In particular, if the revision number of SwX is lower than that of Sw-Ac3, the answer should be "C - The VLANs Servers, Management, Production and no-where will replace the VLANs on SwX".
Also, some recent comments have said that the new switch's VTP Operating Mode is Server but the answer is still the same.
Question 8:
Out of which ports will a frame be forwarded that has source mac-address 0010.5a0c.fd86 and destination mac-address 000a.8a47.e612? (Choose three)A - Fa0/8
B - Fa0/3
C - Fa0/1
D - Fa0/12
Answer: B C D
Explanation:
First we check to see which ports the source mac-address and the destination mac-address belong to by using show mac-address-table command Please notice that the "show mac-address-table" command just lists information that was learned by the switch, it means that there can be other ports besides Fa0/1, Fa0/3 and Fa0/12 belong to Vlan 33. You can use the show vlan command to see which ports belong to vlan 33
And we can check which trunk ports will receive this frame by the show interface trunk command
Question 9:
If one of the host connected to Sw-AC3 wants to send something for the ip 190.0.2.5 (or any ip that is not on the same subnet) what will be the destination MAC address Answer and Explanation:
Because the destination address is not on the same subnet with the switch, it will forward the packet to its default gateway. So we have to find out who is the default gateway of this switch by using the show running-config command Finally we just need to use the show mac-address-table command to find out which MAC address is associated with this interface
(Notice that in the real CCNA exam the MAC address or port may be different)
And we find out the corresponding MAC address is 000a.b7e9.8360. Although there are some entries of port Fa0/3 with different Vlans but they have the same MAC address Lab 7 Guide
Updated from real CCNA exam on Jan-05-2010)
Question:
To configure the router (R2-RC) click on the console host icon that is connected to a router by a serial console cable (shown in the diagram as a dashed black line)
Name of the router is R2-RC
Enable-secret password is cisco1
The password to access user EXEC mode using the console is cisco2
The password to allow telnet access to the router is cisco3
IPV4 addresses must be configured as follows:
Ethernet network 209.165.202.128/27 - router has last assignable host address in subnet
Serial network is 192.0.2.16/28 - router has last assignable host address in the subnet. Interfaces should be enabled.
Router protocol is RIP V2
| Attention : In practical examinations, please note the following, the actual information will prevail. 1. Name of the router is xxx 2. Enable-secret password is xxx 3. Password to access user EXEC mode using the console is xxx 4. The password to allow telnet access to the router is xxx 5. IP information |
Solution:
1) Name the router:Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R2-RC
2) Set secret password:
R2-RC(config)# enable secret cisco1
3) Set password for the console:
R2-RC(config)#line console 0
R2-RC(config-line)#password cisco2
R2-RC(config-line)#login
R2-RC(config-line)#exit
4) Set the Telnet password:
R2-RC(config)#line vty 0 4
R2-RC(config-line)#password cisco3
R2-RC(config-line)#login
R2-RC(config-line)#exit
5) Assign IP address for Ethernet interface (Fa0/0):
The Ethernet network 209.165.202.128/27 has:
Increment:32 (/27 = 255.255.255.224 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1110 0000)Network address: 209.165.202.128Broadcast address: 209.165.202.159 (because 128 + 32 - 1 = 159)
Therefore the last assignable host address in this subnet is 209.165.202.158 and we will assign it to Fa0/0 interface with these commands:
R2-RC(config)# interface fa0/0
R2-RC(config-if)#ip address 209.165.202.158 255.255.255.224
R2-RC(config-if)#no shutdown
R2-RC(config-if)#exit
6) Assign IP address for Serial interface (S0/0/0):
Serial network 192.0.2.16/28 has:
Increment:16 (/28 = 255.255.255.240 or 1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 1111.1111 0000)Network address: 192.0.2.16
Broadcast address: 192.0.2.31 (because 16 + 16 - 1 = 31)
So the last assignable host address in this subnet is 192.0.2.30. Finally we assign it to s0/0/0 interface:
R2-RC(config)# interface s0/0/0
R2-RC(config-if)#ip address 192.0.2.30 255.255.255.240
R2-RC(config-if)#no shutdown
R2-RC(config-if)#exit
7) Configure RIP v2 routing protocol:
R2-RC(config)#router rip
R2-RC(config-router)#version 2
R2-RC(config-router)#network 209.165.202.128
R2-RC(config-router)#network 192.0.2.16
R2-RC(config-router)#end
R2-RC#copy running-config startup-config
Lab 8 Guide
Router1>enable
Router1#configure terminal
Create a NAT pool of global addresses to be allocated with their netmask (notice that /29 = 248)
Router1(config)#ip nat pool mypool 198.18.32.65 198.18.32.70 netmask 255.255.255.248
Create a standard access control list that permits the addresses that are to be translated
Router1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.6.64 0.0.0.63
Establish dynamic source translation, specifying the access list that was defined in the prior step
Router1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool mypool overload
This command translates all source addresses that pass access list 1, which means a source address from 192.168.6.65 to 192.168.6.126, into an address from the pool named mypool (the pool contains addresses from 198.18.32.65 to 198.18.32.70)
Overload keyword allows to map multiple IP addresses to a single registered IP address (many-to-one) by using different ports
The question said that appropriate interfaces have been configured for NAT inside and NAT outside statements.
This is how to configure the NAT inside and NAT outside, just for your understanding:
Router1(config)#interface fa0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#interface s0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip nat outside
Before leaving Router1, you should save the configuration:
Router1(config)#end (or Router1(config-if)#end)Router1#copy running-config startup-config
Check your configuration by going to PC2 and type:
C:\>ping 192.0.2.114
The ping should work well and you will be replied from 192.0.2.114
Updated from latest CCNA exam (updated on Jan-09-2010)
Question: | You work as a network technician at 9tut.com. Study the exhibit carefully. You are required to perform configurations to enable Internet access. The Router ISP has given you six public IP addresses in the 198.18.32.65 198.18.32.70/29 range. 9tut.com has 62 clients that needs to have simultaneous internet access. These local hosts use private IP addresses in the 192.168.6.65 - 192.168.6.126/26 range. You need to configure Router1 using the PC1 console. You have already made basic router configuration. You have also configured the appropriate NAT interfaces; NAT inside and NAT outside respectively. Now you are required to finish the configuration of Router1. |
Solution:
The company has 62 hosts that need to access the internet simultaneously but we just have 6 public IP addresses from 198.18.32.65 to 198.18.32.70/29 => we have to use NAT overload (or PAT) Double click on PC1 to access Router1's command line interfaceRouter1>enable
Router1#configure terminal
Create a NAT pool of global addresses to be allocated with their netmask (notice that /29 = 248)
Router1(config)#ip nat pool mypool 198.18.32.65 198.18.32.70 netmask 255.255.255.248
Create a standard access control list that permits the addresses that are to be translated
Router1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.6.64 0.0.0.63
Establish dynamic source translation, specifying the access list that was defined in the prior step
Router1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool mypool overload
This command translates all source addresses that pass access list 1, which means a source address from 192.168.6.65 to 192.168.6.126, into an address from the pool named mypool (the pool contains addresses from 198.18.32.65 to 198.18.32.70)
Overload keyword allows to map multiple IP addresses to a single registered IP address (many-to-one) by using different ports
The question said that appropriate interfaces have been configured for NAT inside and NAT outside statements.
This is how to configure the NAT inside and NAT outside, just for your understanding:
Router1(config)#interface fa0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#interface s0/0
Router1(config-if)#ip nat outside
Before leaving Router1, you should save the configuration:
Router1(config)#end (or Router1(config-if)#end)Router1#copy running-config startup-config
Check your configuration by going to PC2 and type:
C:\>ping 192.0.2.114
The ping should work well and you will be replied from 192.0.2.114
